Trombosis de la vena ovárica: serie de 3 casos en el Hospital Universitario de Cabueñes / Thrombosis of the ovarian vein: series of 3 cases at the Hospital Universitario de Cabueñes

Se presentan 3 casos de trombosis de la vena ovárica, uno en relación a cirugía pélvica y dos durante el postparto. La trombosis de la vena ovárica es una complicación rara, de presentación clínica inespecífica, lo que hace plantearse un diagnóstico diferencial con otras patologías más frecuentes (apendicitis, pielonefritis, etc), siendo la TAC el gold standard para su diagnóstico. El tratamiento más adecuado son los anticoagulantes.

We report 3 cases of varian vein thrombosis, one in relation with pelvic surgery and 2 during the postpartum period. The ovarian vein thrombosis is a rare complication, with inespecific symptoms, that is why it is obligatory to propose a differential diagnosis with more frecuent patologies (appendicitis, pyelonephritis, etc.), the CAT is the gold standard in its diagnosis. Anticoagulants are the most suitable treatment.

Endometriosis is an important cause of pelvic pain in adolescence / Endometriose é causa importante de dor pélvica na adolescência

Objective: despite endometriosis being a common disease, where early detection is key to preventing its progression, it is a condition often overlooked in adolescents. The aim of this study was to report the clinical characteristics of adolescent patients with endometriosis monitored in a tertiary hospital. Methods: a retrospective study of 394 patients undergoing surgery with a histological diagnosis of endometriosis at the Endometriosis Division of the Gynecology Department at the Hospital das Clínicas of the University of São Paulo Medical School from 2008 to 2013. 21 adolescents were included (aged under 21 years). Results: the age ranged from 17.95 ± 1.48 years, the average time for diagnostic confirmation was 2.96 ± 2.93 years, and the age at the onset of symptoms was 15.28 ± 3.03 years on average. The sites affected were ovarian (38%), peritoneal (47.6%) and retrocervical (23.8%). Dysmenorrhea was found in 80.9 % of adolescents (severe in 33.3% of cases) and chronic pelvic pain in 66.6%. Conclusion: endometriosis in adolescents is an important differential diagnosis from pelvic pain and ovarian cysts, mainly among those with no response to conventional treatment. The main forms of involvement are peritoneal and ovarian. Despite the onset of symptoms in adolescence and advances in imaging methods, the diagnosis of this disease is still delayed. .

Objectivo: embora a endometriose seja uma doença prevalente, cujo diagnóstico precoce é fundamental para a prevenção de sua progressão, é uma condição frequentemente negligenciada em adolescentes. O objetivo deste estudo é levantar as características clínicas das pacientes adolescentes com endometriose acompanhadas em um hospital terciário. Métodos: levantamento retrospectivo de 394 pacientes submetidas à cirurgia com diagnóstico histológico de endometriose no Setor de Endometriose da Divisão de Clínica de Ginecologia do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, de 2008 a 2013. Foram incluídas 21 adolescentes (idade menor de 21 anos). Resulados: a idade média foi de 17,95±1,48 anos, a média de tempo para a confirmação diagnóstica foi de 2,96±2,93 anos e a idade do início dos sintomas foi em média de 15,28±3,03 anos. Os locais de acometimento foram ovariano (38%), peritoneal (47,6%) e retrocervical (23,8%). Dismenorreia esteve presente em 80,9% das adolescentes (sendo severa em 33,3% dos casos) e dor pélvica crônica em 66,6%. Conclusão: endometriose em adolescentes é um importante diagnóstico diferencial de dor pélvica e cistos anexiais, principalmente entre aquelas sem resposta ao tratamento convencional. As principais formas de acometimento são peritoneais e ovarianas. Apesar do início dos sintomas na adolescência e dos avanços nos métodos de imagem, ainda se observa demora no diagnóstico dessa doença. .

Association of Selected Medical Conditions With Breast Cancer Risk in Korea / 예방의학회지

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the effect of medical conditions in the population of Korea on breast cancer risk in a case-control study. METHODS: The cases were 3242 women with incident, histologically confirmed breast cancer in two major hospitals interviewed between 2001 and 2007. The controls were 1818 women each admitted to either of those two hospitals for a variety of non-neoplastic conditions. Information on each disease was obtained from a standardized questionnaire by trained personnel. Odds ratios (ORs) for each disease were derived from multiple logistic regression adjusted for age, age of menarche, pregnancy, age of first pregnancy, and family history of breast cancer. RESULTS: Among all of the incident breast cancer patients, pre-existing diabetes (OR, 1.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.99 to 1.78), hypertension (OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.18 to 1.83), thyroid diseases (OR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.58), and ovarian diseases (OR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.23 to 2.35) were associated with an increased risk of breast cancer when other factors were adjusted for. In a stratified analysis by menopausal status, pre-existing hypertension (pre-menopause OR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.48 to 1.34 vs. post-menopause OR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.44 to 2.43; p-heterogeneity <0.01) and ovarian disease (pre-menopause OR, 4.20; 95% CI, 1.91 to 9.24 vs. post-menopause OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.91; p-heterogeneity 0.01) showed significantly different risks of breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest the possibility that medical conditions such as hypertension affect breast cancer development, and that this can differ by menopausal status. Our study also indicates a possible correlation between ovarian diseases and breast cancer risk.

Associação entre endometrioma ovariano e endometriose profunda infiltrativa / Association between ovarian endometrioma and deep infiltrating endometriosis

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a associação do endometrioma ovariano e a presença de lesões de endometriose profunda infiltrativa (EPI) em uma amostra de mulheres do Sul do Brasil. MÉTODOS: Foi conduzida uma análise retrospectiva com informações dos prontuários de mulheres submetidas a tratamento cirúrgico de endometriose durante o período de janeiro de 2010 e junho de 2012. As pacientes foram divididas em dois grupos de acordo com a presença ou não de endometrioma ovariano. As pacientes portadoras de endometrioma ovariano foram subdivididas em dois grupos de acordo com o diâmetro do endometrioma (<40 e >40 mm). Os parâmetros comparados entre os grupos incluíram: dosagem sérica de cancer antigen (CA) 125, tamanho do endometrioma, presença e número de lesões profundas. A análise estatística foi conduzida com o programa Statistica versão 8.0, utilizando-se o teste exato de Fisher, o teste t de Student e o teste de Mann-Whitney, quando necessário. Os valores p<0,05 foram considerados estatisticamente significativos. RESULTADOS: Durante o período de estudo, um total de 201 mulheres foram submetidas a tratamento cirúrgico laparoscópico de endometriose. Cinquenta e seis pacientes (27,9%) eram portadoras de endometrioma ovariano e 180 pacientes (89,5%) apresentaram EPI confirmada histologicamente. As mulheres com endometrioma ovariano apresentaram um CA 125 sérico mais alto (39,5 versus 24,1 U/mL; p<0,01) e uma maior associação com a presença de lesões de EPI (98,2 versus 86,2%; p=0,01) e de EPI intestinal (57,1 versus 37,9%; p=0,01). Não houve diferença significativa quando se comparou os grupos com endometriomas <40 e >40 mm. CONCLUSÕES: O endometrioma ovariano é um marcador para a presença de lesões de EPI, incluindo EPI com comprometimento intestinal.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the association between ovarian endometrioma and the presence of deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) lesions in a sample of women of the South of Brazil. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted in all women undergoing surgical treatment of endometriosis from January 2010 to June 2012. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the presence or not of ovarian endometrioma. Patients presenting an ovarian endometrioma were subsequently divided into 2 groups according to the diameter of the endometrioma (<40 and >40 mm). The following parameters were compared between the groups: cancer antigen (CA) 125 level, size of the endometrioma, presence and number of deep lesions. The statistical analysis was performed with Statistica version 8.0 using Fisher's exact test, Student's t-test and Mann-Whitney test, when needed. The p values of <0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: During the study period, a total of 201 women underwent laparoscopic surgical treatment of endometriosis. Fifty-five patients (27.9%) presented ovarian endometrioma and 180 patients (89.5%) presented DIE confirmed by pathologic examination. Women presenting an ovarian endometrioma had higher CA 125 levels (39.5 versus 24.1 U/mL; p<0.01) and stronger association with the presence of DIE lesions (98.2 versus 86.2%; p=0.01) and intestinal DIE (57.1 versus 37.9%; p=0.01). There was no difference between the groups with endometriomas <40 and >40 mm. CONCLUSIONS: Ovarian endometrioma is a marker for the presence of DIE lesions, including intestinal DIE.

Edema maciço de ovário / Massive ovarian edema

O edema maciço de ovário é uma condição benigna rara caracterizada pelo aumento tumoral símile do ovário comprometido. As doenças ovarianas de importância cirúrgica da infância não são frequentes e podem ser divididas em lesões neoplásicas, em cistos não neoplásicos e em alterações inflamatórias. Os autores descrevem um caso de edema maciço de ovário em uma paciente de treze anos que referia dor abdominal associada a uma lesão sólido-cística do ovário direito, avaliada como neoplasia pela ultrassonografia. Ao exame macroscópico, o ovário era bocelado e estava aumentado de volume, medindo 9,5×6,0×5,0 cm e apresentando uma lesão sólida com áreas císticas à superfície de corte. O aspecto microscópico fundamental desse processo era a presença de edema acentuado e difuso do estroma, envolvendo folículos, e associado a uma camada cortical com espessamento fibroso superficial. O conhecimento dessa entidade é fundamental para auxiliar no diagnóstico durante a avaliação ultrassonográfica de tumores ovarianos e prevenir tratamentos incorretos.

Massive ovarian edema is a rare benign condition characterized by similar tumor growth of the affected ovary. The ovarian disorders of surgical importance of childhood are not frequent and can be divided into neoplastic lesions, non-neoplastic cysts, and inflammatory alterations. Here the authors describe the case of a massive ovarian edema in a 13-year-old female patient who reported abdominal pain associated with a solid-cystic lesion of the right ovary evaluated as a neoplasm by ultrasonography. The macroscopic examination showed ovary with increased volume, measuring 9.5×6.0×5.0 cm, and presenting a solid lesion with cystic areas at the cutting surface. The key microscopic feature of this process was the presence of pronounced diffuse edema of the stroma, involving follicles and associated with a cortical layer with superficial fibrous thickening. Knowledge of this entity is key in aiding the diagnosis during the ultrasonographic evaluation of ovarian tumors and preventing improper treatments.

Avaliação dos níveis basais de FSH em pacientes inférteis com endometriose profunda de ovário tratadas cirurgicamente / Evaluation of basal FSH serum levels in infertile patients with deep ovarian endometriosis who underwent surgery

OBJETIVO: avaliar a reserva ovariana de pacientes inférteis portadoras de endometriose profunda de ovário, submetidas à cirurgia excisional dos endometriomas, atendidas entre os meses de Fevereiro e Novembro de 2008. MÉTODOS: estudo prospectivo que incluiu 30 pacientes portadoras de endometriose graus III e IV com comprometimento profundo de ovário submetidas à cirurgia excisional dos endometriomas e 30 pacientes portadoras de endometriose graus I e II que foram alocadas como Grupo Controle. A reserva ovariana foi avaliada indiretamente a partir do valor do hormônio folículo estimulante (FSH) basal (U/L), entre o terceiro e quinto dias do ciclo, após um período de 12 meses da cirurgia. O índice de massa corpórea (IMC) foi calculado conforme a fórmula de Quetelet [peso (kg)/estatura (cm²)]. Para a comparação das variáveis "idade", "IMC" e "valores de FSH basal" entre os grupos, foi utilizado o teste não paramétrico U de Mann-Whitney. RESULTADOS: não foi encontrada diferença significativa entre os grupos em relação à idade e ao IMC. Em relação ao FSH basal, observou-se que, no grupo das pacientes com endometriose profunda, o valor médio foi de 7,0 U/L, enquanto que, no Grupo Controle, foi de 5,6 U/L (p=0,3), o que demonstra que a diferença no valor médio de FSH encontrado nos dois grupos não foi significativa. CONCLUSÕES: a cirurgia não influenciou de forma deletéria a reserva ovariana das pacientes com endometriose profunda de ovário.

PURPOSE: to evaluate the ovarian reserve of infertile patients with severe ovarian endrometriosis, submitted to excisional surgery of endometriomas and attended from February to November, 2008. METHODS: prospective study, including 30 patients with endometriosis grades III and IV, with severe ovarian impairment, submitted to excisional surgery of the endometriomas, and 30 patients with endometriosis grades I and II, allocated as a Control Group. The ovarian reserve was indirectly assessed, through the basal (U/L) follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), between the third and fifth days of the cycle, 12 months after the surgery. The body mass index (BMI) was calculated according to Quetelet's formula [weight (kg)/height(cm²)]. The Mann-Whitney non-parametric U test was used to compare the variables "age", "BMI" and "basal SFH" between the groups. RESULTS: there was no significant difference between the groups about age and BMI. Concerning basal FSH, in the group of patients with severe endometriosis, the average value was 7.0 U/L, while in the Control Group, it was 5.6 U/L (p=0.3), what demonstrates that the difference between the two groups was not significant. CONCLUSIONS: the surgery did not affect the ovarian reserve of patients with severe ovarian endometriosis.

Laparoscopic evaluation in infertility

To describe the different causes of infertility based on findings of diagnostic laparoscopy and their comparative frequency in primary and secondary infertility. A cross-sectional study. Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit of Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, from January to December 2005. All patients undergoing diagnostic laparoscopy for primary or secondary infertility were included. Male factor infertility cases was excluded. Frequency of the causes and finding was determined. One hundred and thirty six [70.46%] patients with primary and 57 [29.54%] with secondary infertility underwent diagnostic laparoscopy. Seventy [51.47%] with primary and 26 [45.51%] with secondary infertility had no visible abnormality. Bilateral tubal blockage was found in 32 [23.53%] primary and 16 [28.07%] cases of secondary infertility. Dense pelvic adhesions forming adnexal mass were found in 9 [6.61%] and 6 [10.5%] of primary and secondary respectively. Two cases each of bicornuate uterus and double uterus in primary infertility patients. Ovarian pathology was found in 18 [13.23%] primary and 4 [7.01%] cases of secondary infertility. PCO [polycystic ovaries] were detected in 12 [8.82%] and 2 [3.5%] cases of primary and secondary infertility respectively. Endometriotic cysts and deposits were found in 15 [10.29%] cases of primary and 3 [5.26%] cases of secondary infertility. Tubal disease is a common factor responsible for infertility and diagnositc laparoscopy is a valuable technique for complete assessment of female infertility and making treatment decisions according to the cause

Coexistence of squamous cell carcinoma with dermoid cyst of ovary.

A 40-year-old female presented with pain and enlargement of abdomen since last 6 months. A mass was felt over right iliac fossa. Ultrasonography showed partly cystic and solid area in mass arising from ovary. A tooth-like structure was also seen. Dermoid cyst was the diagnosis offered. Laparotomy was performed. Ovarian mass with hair, a tooth and putty-like material was present. Solid white area with thickened wall was found. Histopathology confirmed the findings of dermoid cyst and the thickened area showed squamous cell carcinoma with areas showing keratinous material and giant cell reaction which was also seen at the periphery of tumor areas. Left ovary was normal and no deposits of tumor were seen. Postoperative period was uneventful.

Massive ovarian edema with contralateral mature cystic teratoma--a case report of an uncommon combination.

A case with massive ovarian edema (MOE) of left ovary--a rare pseudotumour and mature cystic teratoma of right ovary is described in a young unmarried girl of 16 years. The etiopathological concepts, morphological changes and differential diagnosis are described. Knowledge about the entity and its existence are important for correct treatment. This is the first reported case from Nepal.

Algia pélvica: estudo laparoscópico / Pelvic pain: laparoscopic study

Os autores apresentam o estudo de 46 pacientes portadoras de Algia Pélvica Crônica, submetidas a exame laparoscópico. Nesse estudo os autores verificaram que 43 casos (93,5%) apresentavam ginecopatias e a mais comum foi a aderência pélvica em 18 casos (39,10%)